Support host:guest mount syntax with WORKINGDIR resolution

--mount now accepts <host-path>:<guest-path> (Docker-style). When the
guest path is omitted, the host path is used. Non-absolute guest paths
are resolved against the image WORKINGDIR, which is written to
/slim/workdir at build time and read by slim-init.sh at boot.

Changes:
- qemu.rs: Parse host:guest spec, pass guest path (not host path) on
  the kernel cmdline as slim.mount=<tag>:<base64(guest_path)>
- inject.rs: Accept working_dir param, write /slim/workdir into rootfs
- build.rs: Pass config.working_dir to inject()
- slim-init.sh: Read /slim/workdir, resolve relative guest paths
  against it before mounting
- test.sh: Test host:guest absolute paths (multi-mount) and relative
  guest path resolved against WORKINGDIR

Addresses PR #9 review comment from @hulthe.

example/test.sh

@@ -103,6 +103,136 @@ EOF
     rm -rf "$work"
 }
 
+test_user() {
+    echo "=== Testing USER directive ==="
+
+    work="$(mktemp -d)"
+    img="slim-test-user"
+
+    cat > "$work/Containerfile" <<'EOF'
+FROM alpine:latest
+RUN adduser -D -u 1500 testuser
+USER testuser
+CMD ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo USER_BUILD_OK:$(id -u):$(whoami); poweroff -f"]
+EOF
+
+    echo "-- Building container image with USER directive..."
+    if ! podman build --network=none -t "$img" -f "$work/Containerfile" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        report fail "USER directive (podman build failed)"
+        rm -rf "$work"
+        return
+    fi
+
+    echo "-- Test 1: build-time CMD runs as USER"
+    "$SLIM_BIN" build qcow2 "$img" >/dev/null 2>&1
+    output=$(timeout "$TIMEOUT" "$SLIM_BIN" run "$img" 2>&1 || true)
+    check_output "$output" "USER_BUILD_OK:1500:testuser" "USER build-time CMD runs as testuser"
+
+    echo "-- Test 2: run --cmd override runs as USER"
+    output=$(timeout "$TIMEOUT" "$SLIM_BIN" run "$img" --cmd 'echo USER_RUN_OK:$(id -u):$(whoami); poweroff -f' 2>&1 || true)
+    check_output "$output" "USER_RUN_OK:1500:testuser" "USER run --cmd override runs as testuser"
+
+    cleanup "$img" "$img"
+    rm -rf "$work"
+}
+
+test_mount() {
+    echo "=== Testing --mount (9p shares) ==="
+
+    work="$(mktemp -d)"
+
+    # --- Image 1: no WORKINGDIR, test host:guest and multi-mount ---
+    img="slim-test-mount"
+    share_dir="$work/share"
+    share_dir2="$work/share2"
+    guest_dir="/mnt/guest"
+    guest_dir2="/mnt/guest2"
+
+    mkdir -p "$share_dir" "$share_dir2"
+    echo "hello from host" > "$share_dir/testfile.txt"
+    echo "second share" > "$share_dir2/testfile2.txt"
+
+    cat > "$work/Containerfile" <<'EOF'
+FROM alpine:latest
+CMD ["/bin/sh", "-c", "poweroff -f"]
+EOF
+
+    echo "-- Building container image (no WORKINGDIR)..."
+    if ! podman build --network=none -t "$img" -f "$work/Containerfile" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        report fail "--mount (podman build failed)"
+        rm -rf "$work"
+        return
+    fi
+
+    echo "-- Building slim VM..."
+    if ! "$SLIM_BIN" build qcow2 "$img" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        report fail "--mount (slim build failed)"
+        cleanup "$img" "$img"
+        rm -rf "$work"
+        return
+    fi
+
+    share_canon=$(readlink -f "$share_dir")
+    share_canon2=$(readlink -f "$share_dir2")
+
+    echo "-- Test 1: --mount host:guest (absolute guest path, multi-mount)..."
+    output=$(timeout "$TIMEOUT" "$SLIM_BIN" run "$img" \
+        --mount "${share_dir}:${guest_dir}" \
+        --mount "${share_dir2}:${guest_dir2}" \
+        --cmd "for f in /sys/bus/virtio/drivers/9pnet_virtio/virtio*/mount_tag; do [ -f \"\$f\" ] && echo \"\$f: \$(tr -d '\\0' < \"\$f\")\"; done; mount -v; cat ${guest_dir}/testfile.txt 2>/dev/null || echo NO_FILE; cat ${guest_dir2}/testfile2.txt 2>/dev/null || echo NO_FILE2; echo MOUNT_VERIFY_DONE; poweroff -f" \
+        2>&1 || true)
+
+    check_output "$output" "mount_tag: slim0" "--mount 9p share detected"
+    check_output "$output" "mount_tag: slim1" "--mount second 9p share detected"
+    check_output "$output" "type 9p" "--mount 9p filesystem in mount list"
+    check_output "$output" "hello from host" "--mount file accessible at guest path"
+    check_output "$output" "second share" "--mount second file accessible at guest path"
+    check_output "$output" "MOUNT_VERIFY_DONE" "--mount VM ran to completion"
+
+    cleanup "$img" "$img"
+
+    # --- Image 2: with WORKINGDIR, test relative guest path ---
+    img="slim-test-mount-wd"
+    share_dir3="$work/share3"
+
+    mkdir -p "$share_dir3"
+    echo "relative share" > "$share_dir3/relfile.txt"
+
+    cat > "$work/Containerfile.wd" <<'EOF'
+FROM alpine:latest
+WORKDIR /app
+CMD ["/bin/sh", "-c", "poweroff -f"]
+EOF
+
+    echo "-- Building container image (WORKINGDIR /app)..."
+    if ! podman build --network=none -t "$img" -f "$work/Containerfile.wd" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        report fail "--mount relative (podman build failed)"
+        rm -rf "$work"
+        return
+    fi
+
+    echo "-- Building slim VM..."
+    if ! "$SLIM_BIN" build qcow2 "$img" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        report fail "--mount relative (slim build failed)"
+        cleanup "$img" "$img"
+        rm -rf "$work"
+        return
+    fi
+
+    echo "-- Test 2: --mount host:relative-guest (resolved against WORKINGDIR)..."
+    output=$(timeout "$TIMEOUT" "$SLIM_BIN" run "$img" \
+        --mount "${share_dir3}:data" \
+        --cmd "mount -v; cat /app/data/relfile.txt 2>/dev/null || echo NO_REL_FILE; echo REL_VERIFY_DONE; poweroff -f" \
+        2>&1 || true)
+
+    check_output "$output" "type 9p" "--mount relative 9p filesystem in mount list"
+    check_output "$output" "relative share" "--mount relative file accessible at WORKINGDIR/data"
+    check_output "$output" "REL_VERIFY_DONE" "--mount relative VM ran to completion"
+
+    cleanup "$img" "$img"
+    rm -rf "$work"
+}
+
 test_service() {
     echo "=== Testing nextcloud service ==="
 
@@ -171,6 +301,10 @@ cargo build 2>&1
 test_distro "alpine" "alpine:latest" ""
 test_distro "archlinux" "archlinux:latest" "RUN pacman -Sy --noconfirm iproute2 wget; pacman -Sc --noconfirm"
 
+test_user
+
+test_mount
+
 test_service
 
 echo ""

src/build.rs

@@ -78,7 +78,12 @@ fn build_inner(
     let command = cmd.unwrap_or_else(|| inject::infer_command(&config));
     let exec_script =
         inject::build_exec_script(&command, &config.env, config.working_dir.as_deref());
-    inject::inject(mount_path, &exec_script)?;
+    inject::inject(
+        mount_path,
+        &exec_script,
+        config.user.as_deref(),
+        config.working_dir.as_deref(),
+    )?;
     println!("Injected /slim/ (init + exec)");
 
     match kind {

src/inject.rs

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ pub struct Config {
     pub env: Vec<String>,
     #[serde(default)]
     pub working_dir: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub user: Option<String>,
 }
 
 pub fn inspect_config(image: &str) -> Result<Config> {
@@ -85,33 +87,39 @@ pub fn build_exec_script(command: &str, env: &[String], working_dir: Option<&str
     lines
 }
 
-/// Inject /slim/init and /slim/exec into a mounted container image rootfs.
+/// Install `content` into the mounted rootfs at `<mount>/slim/<name>` with
-pub fn inject(mount_path: &Path, exec_script: &str) -> Result<()> {
+/// the given mode.
+fn install_into_rootfs(mount: &str, name: &str, mode: &str, content: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let temp = tempfile::NamedTempFile::new()?;
+    fs::write(temp.path(), content)?;
+    let src = temp.path().to_str().context("temp path is not UTF-8")?;
+    let dest = format!("{mount}/slim/{name}");
+    cmd(&[
+        "podman", "unshare", "--", "install", "-D", "-m", mode, src, &dest,
+    ])?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Inject /slim/init, /slim/exec, and optionally /slim/user and /slim/workdir
+/// into a mounted container image rootfs.
+pub fn inject(
+    mount_path: &Path,
+    exec_script: &str,
+    user: Option<&str>,
+    working_dir: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<()> {
     let mount_str = mount_path.to_str().context("mount path is not UTF-8")?;
 
-    let init_temp = tempfile::NamedTempFile::new()?;
+    install_into_rootfs(mount_str, "init", "755", SLIM_INIT)?;
-    let exec_temp = tempfile::NamedTempFile::new()?;
+    install_into_rootfs(mount_str, "exec", "755", exec_script)?;
-    fs::write(init_temp.path(), SLIM_INIT)?;
-    fs::write(exec_temp.path(), exec_script)?;
 
-    let init_src = init_temp
+    if let Some(user) = user.filter(|u| !u.is_empty()) {
-        .path()
+        install_into_rootfs(mount_str, "user", "644", user)?;
-        .to_str()
+    }
-        .context("temp path is not UTF-8")?;
-    let exec_src = exec_temp
-        .path()
-        .to_str()
-        .context("temp path is not UTF-8")?;
 
-    let init_dest = format!("{mount_str}/slim/init");
+    if let Some(dir) = working_dir.filter(|d| !d.is_empty()) {
-    let exec_dest = format!("{mount_str}/slim/exec");
+        install_into_rootfs(mount_str, "workdir", "644", dir)?;
-
+    }
-    cmd(&[
-        "podman", "unshare", "--", "install", "-D", "-m", "755", init_src, &init_dest,
-    ])?;
-    cmd(&[
-        "podman", "unshare", "--", "install", "-D", "-m", "755", exec_src, &exec_dest,
-    ])?;
 
     Ok(())
 }

src/qemu.rs

@@ -32,6 +32,13 @@ pub struct RunCmd {
     /// cmdline as slim.cmd=<b64>). Overrides the CMD inferred at build time.
     #[clap(long)]
     cmd: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Share a host directory into the VM via 9p. Format:
+    /// `<host-path>` or `<host-path>:<guest-path>`. When the guest path is
+    /// omitted, the host path is used. Non-absolute guest paths are
+    /// relative to the image's WORKINGDIR. Can be repeated.
+    #[clap(long)]
+    mount: Vec<String>,
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn run(
@@ -40,6 +47,7 @@ pub(crate) fn run(
         memory,
         forward,
         cmd,
+        mount,
     }: RunCmd,
 ) -> Result<()> {
     let reg_dir = registry_dir(&name)?;
@@ -81,6 +89,35 @@ pub(crate) fn run(
         cmdline.push(format!("slim.cmd={encoded}"));
     }
 
+    // Build 9p shares for each --mount.  Tags are short (slim0, slim1, …)
+    // because 9p mount_tag has a ~31-byte limit.  The guest destination path
+    // is passed on the kernel cmdline as slim.mount=<tag>:<base64(guest_path)>.
+    // If no guest path is specified, the host path is used as the guest path.
+    let mut virtfs_args: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+    for (i, spec) in mount.iter().enumerate() {
+        let (host_path, guest_path) = match spec.split_once(':') {
+            Some((h, g)) => (h, g),
+            None => (spec.as_str(), spec.as_str()),
+        };
+        let canonical = std::path::Path::new(host_path)
+            .canonicalize()
+            .with_context(|| format!("Cannot resolve mount path '{host_path}'"))?;
+        let host_str = canonical
+            .to_str()
+            .context("Mount path is not valid UTF-8")?;
+        let tag = format!("slim{i}");
+        let dest_b64 = base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(guest_path.as_bytes());
+
+        // QEMU's QemuOpts splits on commas — escape literal commas in the
+        // path as ",," per QEMU convention.
+        let host_escaped = host_str.replace(',', ",,");
+        virtfs_args.push("-virtfs".into());
+        virtfs_args.push(format!(
+            "local,path={host_escaped},mount_tag={tag},security_model=mapped-xattr"
+        ));
+        cmdline.push(format!("slim.mount={tag}:{dest_b64}"));
+    }
+
     println!("Booting {name} from registry: {}", reg_dir.display());
 
     let cmdline = cmdline.join(" ");
@@ -101,6 +138,7 @@ pub(crate) fn run(
         .arg("-kernel")
         .arg(vmlinuz_path.as_os_str())
         .args(&fs_args)
+        .args(&virtfs_args)
         .args(["-snapshot"])
         .args(["-no-reboot"])
         .args(["-append", &cmdline])

src/scripts/slim-init.sh

@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
 # slim universal init - distro-agnostic VM bootstrap.
 # Injected by `slim build` at /slim/init and invoked via init=/slim/init.
 
+# === Helpers ===
+b64dec() {
+    printf '%s' "$1" | base64 -d 2>/dev/null || printf '%s' "$1" | openssl base64 -d 2>/dev/null
+}
+
 # === Devices & special filesystems ===
 [ -c /dev/console ] || mknod -m 600 /dev/console c 5 1
 mkdir -p /proc /sys /dev/pts /dev/shm
@@ -34,6 +39,70 @@ ip addr add 10.0.2.15/24 dev eth0 2>/dev/null || echo "ip addr add eth0 failed"
 ip route add default via 10.0.2.2 2>/dev/null || echo "ip route add default failed"
 echo nameserver 10.0.2.3 > /etc/resolv.conf
 
+# === 9p shares (host directories shared via --mount) ===
+# Each share is passed as slim.mount=<tag>:<base64(guest_path)> on the
+# kernel cmdline.  The 9p tag is short (e.g. slim0) because mount_tag
+# has a ~31-byte limit; the guest path is base64-encoded.
+# Non-absolute guest paths are resolved against /slim/workdir (the
+# image's WORKINGDIR).
+SLIM_WORKDIR=""
+[ -f /slim/workdir ] && SLIM_WORKDIR=$(cat /slim/workdir 2>/dev/null)
+# shellcheck disable=SC2013 # word-splitting is intentional: cmdline tokens are space-separated
+for tok in $(cat /proc/cmdline 2>/dev/null); do
+    case "$tok" in
+        slim.mount=*)
+            v=${tok#slim.mount=}
+            tag=${v%%:*}
+            dest_b64=${v#*:}
+            dest=$(b64dec "$dest_b64") || echo "base64 decode failed"
+            if [ -n "$tag" ] && [ -n "$dest" ]; then
+                # Resolve relative paths against the image's WORKINGDIR
+                case "$dest" in
+                    /*) ;;
+                    *) dest="${SLIM_WORKDIR:-/}/${dest}" ;;
+                esac
+                mkdir -p "$dest"
+                mount -t 9p "$tag" "$dest" -o trans=virtio,version=9p2000.L 2>/dev/null \
+                    && echo "mounted 9p '$tag' -> '$dest'" \
+                    || echo "failed to mount 9p '$tag' -> '$dest'"
+            fi
+            ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+# === Drop privileges (respect USER directive from image config) ===
+# /slim/user may contain a username, uid, or uid:gid (OCI image spec).
+# Numeric uids are resolved to a username via /etc/passwd because BusyBox
+# su does not accept numeric arguments.
+SLIM_USER=""
+[ -f /slim/user ] && SLIM_USER=$(cat /slim/user 2>/dev/null)
+
+# Resolve a numeric uid to a username from /etc/passwd.
+slim_resolve_user() {
+    _u="$1"
+    case "$_u" in
+        *[!0-9]*) printf '%s' "$_u" ;;
+        *)
+            _resolved=$(awk -F: -v uid="$_u" '$3==uid{print $1; exit}' /etc/passwd 2>/dev/null)
+            [ -n "$_resolved" ] && printf '%s' "$_resolved" || printf '%s' "$_u"
+            ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+# Exec a command, dropping privileges if SLIM_USER is set.
+# When dropping privileges, run as a child (not exec) so PID 1 stays root
+# and can poweroff after the command exits — non-root cannot call poweroff.
+slim_exec() {
+    _cmd="$1"
+    if [ -z "$SLIM_USER" ]; then
+        exec /bin/sh -c "$_cmd"
+    fi
+    _user="${SLIM_USER%%:*}"
+    _user=$(slim_resolve_user "$_user")
+    su "$_user" -c "$_cmd"
+    poweroff -f
+}
+
 # === Execute the configured command ===
 # If slim.cmd=<base64> is on the kernel cmdline, decode and exec it.
 # Otherwise, exec /slim/exec (generated from the image's CMD/ENTRYPOINT).
@@ -42,13 +111,11 @@ for tok in $(cat /proc/cmdline 2>/dev/null); do
     case "$tok" in
         slim.cmd=*)
             v=${tok#slim.cmd=}
-            decoded=$(printf '%s' "$v" | base64 -d 2>/dev/null) \
+            decoded=$(b64dec "$v") || echo "base64 decode failed"
-                || decoded=$(printf '%s' "$v" | openssl base64 -d 2>/dev/null) \
-                || echo "base64 decode failed"
             if [ -n "$decoded" ]; then
-                exec /bin/sh -c "$decoded"
+                slim_exec "$decoded"
             fi
             ;;
     esac
 done
-exec /slim/exec
+slim_exec "/slim/exec"