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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""Render the Copenhagen transit map to PNG/SVG/PDF.
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Reads data/processed/master.gpkg (layers: lines, stations) + area.gpkg +
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config/styling.yaml, applies CLI filters, and composes a printable map:
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- Carto Positron (no labels) basemap via contextily (EPSG:3857)
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- two-tone lines: dark casing + colour body, per route
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- z-order: bus (bottom) -> s_tog -> light_rail -> regional -> metro (top)
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- shapeburst fade mask outside the City Pass area
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- station labels (metro + S-tog) via adjustText
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Usage:
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uv run python render.py # default: all modes, PNG
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uv run python render.py --no-buses --format svg --out map.svg
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uv run python render.py --bus-subset A,C,S # only trunk buses
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uv run python render.py --modes metro,s_tog # rail-only
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"""
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import argparse
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from pathlib import Path
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import geopandas as gpd
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import matplotlib
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matplotlib.use("Agg")
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import numpy as np
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import yaml
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from affine import Affine
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from adjustText import adjust_text
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from scipy.ndimage import distance_transform_edt
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from _common import CONFIG, OUTPUT, PROCESSED
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TARGET_CRS = "EPSG:3857"
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def load_args():
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p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Render the Copenhagen transit map.")
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p.add_argument("--modes", default=None,
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help="comma-separated styles to include (metro,s_tog,light_rail,regional,bus)")
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p.add_argument("--no-buses", action="store_true", help="omit bus layer")
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p.add_argument("--bus-subset", default=None,
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help="comma-separated bus categories to keep (A,C,S,regular)")
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p.add_argument("--max-bus-routes", type=int, default=None,
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help="cap on number of distinct bus refs drawn")
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p.add_argument("--dpi", type=int, default=200)
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p.add_argument("--size", default="16",
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help="figure size in inches: 'W' (height auto) or 'WxH'")
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p.add_argument("--format", default="png", help="output format (png/svg/pdf)")
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p.add_argument("--out", default=None, help="output path (default: output/copenhagen.<fmt>)")
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p.add_argument("--no-basemap", action="store_true", help="skip basemap tiles (offline/faster)")
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p.add_argument("--no-labels", action="store_true", help="skip station labels")
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return p.parse_args()
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def parse_size(spec, aspect):
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if "x" in spec:
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w, h = spec.split("x")
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return float(w), float(h)
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w = float(spec)
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return w, w / aspect
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def filter_lines(lines, args):
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keep = set(lines["style"].unique())
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if args.modes:
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keep &= {m.strip() for m in args.modes.split(",")}
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if args.no_buses:
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keep.discard("bus")
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out = lines[lines["style"].isin(keep)].copy()
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if "bus" in keep and out["style"].eq("bus").any():
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bus = out[out["style"].eq("bus")]
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other = out[~out["style"].eq("bus")]
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if args.bus_subset:
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cats = {c.strip() for c in args.bus_subset.split(",")}
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bus = bus[bus["bus_category"].isin(cats)]
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if args.max_bus_routes is not None:
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refs = list(dict.fromkeys(bus["ref"].dropna()))
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keep_refs = set(refs[:args.max_bus_routes])
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bus = bus[bus["ref"].isin(keep_refs)]
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out = gpd.GeoDataFrame(pd_concat([other, bus]), crs=out.crs)
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return out
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def pd_concat(frames):
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import pandas as pd
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return pd.concat(frames, ignore_index=True)
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def add_basemap(ax, styling, zoom=None):
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if zoom is None:
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zoom = styling["basemap"]["zoom"]
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try:
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import contextily as cx
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provider = styling["basemap"]["provider"]
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src = cx.providers
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for part in provider.split("."):
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src = getattr(src, part)
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cx.add_basemap(ax, crs=TARGET_CRS, source=src, zoom=zoom,
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attribution=False, zorder=0)
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return True
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except Exception as e:
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print(f" [basemap] unavailable ({e}); using plain background", flush=True)
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ax.set_facecolor("#f2f2f0")
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return False
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def shapeburst_mask(ax, area_3857, extent, styling, res=1600):
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fade_m = styling["mask"]["fade_distance_m"]
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max_alpha = styling["mask"]["max_alpha"]
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color = styling["mask"]["color"]
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x0, x1, y0, y1 = extent
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nx = res
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ny = max(1, int(round(res * (y1 - y0) / (x1 - x0))))
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pxw = (x1 - x0) / nx
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pxh = (y1 - y0) / ny
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transform = Affine.translation(x0, y1) * Affine.scale(pxw, -pxh)
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from rasterio.features import rasterize
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geom = area_3857.geometry.union_all()
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mask = rasterize([(geom, 1)], out_shape=(ny, nx), transform=transform,
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fill=0, dtype=np.uint8, all_touched=False).astype(bool)
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dist_px = distance_transform_edt(~mask)
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dist_m = dist_px * pxw
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alpha = np.where(mask, 0.0, np.clip(dist_m / fade_m, 0.0, 1.0)) * max_alpha
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cmap = matplotlib.colors.to_rgba(color)
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rgba = np.zeros((ny, nx, 4))
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rgba[..., :3] = cmap[:3]
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rgba[..., 3] = alpha
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ax.imshow(rgba, extent=(x0, x1, y0, y1), origin="upper",
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aspect="equal", interpolation="bilinear", zorder=0.5)
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def plot_lines(ax, lines, styling):
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zord = styling["zorder"]
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widths = styling["line_width"]
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alphas = styling["alpha"]
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outline_w = styling["outline_width"]
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outline_c = styling["outline_color"]
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for style in sorted(zord, key=lambda k: zord[k]):
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grp = lines[lines["style"] == style]
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if grp.empty:
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continue
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w = widths.get(style, 1.0)
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z = zord[style]
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# dark casing
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grp.plot(ax=ax, color=outline_c, linewidth=w + outline_w,
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zorder=z, alpha=1.0, capstyle="round", joinstyle="round")
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# colour body
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body_colors = grp["colour_final"].tolist()
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grp.plot(ax=ax, color=body_colors, linewidth=w,
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zorder=z + 0.1, alpha=alphas.get(style, 1.0),
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capstyle="round", joinstyle="round")
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def label_stations(ax, stations, styling, area_3857):
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if stations is None or stations.empty:
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return
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label_styles = set(styling["labels"]["styles"])
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fmin = styling["labels"]["min_fontsize"]
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fmax = styling["labels"]["max_fontsize"]
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def is_metro(r):
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return r.get("subway") == "yes" or r.get("station") == "subway"
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def is_stog(r):
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return r.get("light_rail") == "yes" or r.get("station") == "light_rail"
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pts = []
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for _, r in stations.iterrows():
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is_m = is_metro(r)
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is_s = is_stog(r)
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if "metro" in label_styles and is_m:
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pass
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elif "s_tog" in label_styles and is_s:
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pass
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else:
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continue
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name = r.get("name")
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if not isinstance(name, str) or not name.strip():
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continue
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pts.append((r.geometry.x, r.geometry.y, name, is_m))
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if not pts:
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return
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# dedupe by name (keep first location)
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seen = {}
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uniq = []
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for x, y, name, is_m in pts:
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if name in seen:
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continue
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seen[name] = True
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uniq.append((x, y, name, is_m))
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texts = []
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for x, y, name, is_m in uniq:
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fs = fmax if is_m else fmin
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bbox = dict(boxstyle="round,pad=0.15", fc="white", ec="none", alpha=0.7)
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t = ax.text(x, y, name, fontsize=fs, color="#111111",
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zorder=10, ha="center", va="center", bbox=bbox)
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texts.append(t)
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try:
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adjust_text(texts, ax=ax, expand_points=(1.4, 1.6),
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force_text=(0.4, 0.6), lim=300,
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arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="-", color="#888", lw=0.4))
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except Exception as e:
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print(f" [labels] adjustText failed ({e}); labels may overlap", flush=True)
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def main():
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args = load_args()
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styling = yaml.safe_load((CONFIG / "styling.yaml").read_text())
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area = gpd.read_file(PROCESSED / "area.gpkg").to_crs(TARGET_CRS)
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lines = gpd.read_file(PROCESSED / "master.gpkg", layer="lines").to_crs(TARGET_CRS)
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try:
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stations = gpd.read_file(PROCESSED / "master.gpkg", layer="stations").to_crs(TARGET_CRS)
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except Exception:
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stations = None
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lines = filter_lines(lines, args)
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print(f"rendering {len(lines)} line features", flush=True)
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bounds = area.total_bounds # (minx, miny, maxx, maxy)
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dx = bounds[2] - bounds[0]
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dy = bounds[3] - bounds[1]
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aspect = dx / dy
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pad = 0.12
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extent = (bounds[0] - pad * dx, bounds[2] + pad * dx,
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bounds[1] - pad * dy, bounds[3] + pad * dy)
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fig_w, fig_h = parse_size(args.size, aspect)
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fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(fig_w, fig_h), dpi=args.dpi)
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ax.set_xlim(extent[0], extent[1])
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ax.set_ylim(extent[2], extent[3])
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ax.set_aspect("equal")
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ax.axis("off")
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# basemap
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if not args.no_basemap:
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add_basemap(ax, styling)
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# fade mask outside area
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shapeburst_mask(ax, area, extent, styling)
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# lines
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plot_lines(ax, lines, styling)
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# labels
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if not args.no_labels and styling["labels"]["show"]:
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label_stations(ax, stations, styling, area)
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# title + attribution
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ax.text(0.5, 0.985, "Copenhagen — Public Transit",
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transform=ax.transAxes, ha="center", va="top",
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fontsize=fig_w * 1.1, fontweight="bold", color="#222",
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bbox=dict(boxstyle="round,pad=0.3", fc="white", ec="none", alpha=0.7))
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ax.text(0.01, 0.01,
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"Data: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Base: © CARTO",
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transform=ax.transAxes, ha="left", va="bottom",
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fontsize=max(5, fig_w * 0.5), color="#666")
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out_dir = OUTPUT
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out_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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if args.out:
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out_path = Path(args.out)
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if not out_path.is_absolute():
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out_path = out_dir / out_path
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else:
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out_path = out_dir / f"copenhagen.{args.format}"
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out_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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plt.savefig(out_path, dpi=args.dpi, bbox_inches="tight",
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pad_inches=0.2, facecolor="white")
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plt.close(fig)
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print(f"wrote {out_path} ({args.format}, {fig_w}x{fig_h}in @ {args.dpi}dpi)")
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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main()
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